{
"06-30": [
{
"date": "1520-06-30",
"image": "1520-la-noche-triste.webp",
"event": {
"el": "???? 30 ??????? 1520 ???????? ???? ? «????? ??? ??????» (La Noche Triste), ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ??? ??? ???????????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ????????. ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????????.\n\n???? ??? ????, ?? ??????? ?? ??????????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ??????????? ??? ????.",
"en": "On June 30th, 1520, the ?Night of Sorrows? (La Noche Triste) took place, when Cortés? Spaniards attempted to flee Tenochtitlan and suffered heavy losses to the Aztecs. The event marked a turning point in the Spanish conquest.\n\nDespite the defeat, the Spanish would return a year later and capture the city."
}
},
{
"date": "1859-06-30",
"image": "1859-charles-blondin-niagara-tightrope.webp",
"event": {
"el": "???? 30 ??????? 1859 ? ????????? ???? ???????? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ????????? ??????. ?? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ??????.\n\n? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????????? ?????.",
"en": "On June 30th, 1859, tightrope walker Charles Blondin became the first person to cross Niagara Falls on a tightrope. The feat drew thousands of spectators and became world news.\n\nBlondin would repeat the stunt many times with even more dangerous variations."
}
},
{
"date": "1860-06-30",
"image": "1860-first-ironclad-launched.webp",
"event": {
"el": "???? 30 ??????? 1860 ??????????? ?? ??????? *La Gloire*, ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ????????. ?? ????? ?????????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??????????.\n\n? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????????.",
"en": "On June 30th, 1860, the French *La Gloire* was launched, the world?s first ocean?going ironclad warship. It marked the beginning of a new era in naval technology.\n\nIronclads would radically transform naval power."
}
},
{
"date": "1864-06-30",
"image": "1864-yosemite-grant-act.webp",
"event": {
"el": "???? 30 ??????? 1864 ? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ??? ??????? ?????????. ? ????? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ??????.\n\n?? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? 1890.",
"en": "On June 30th, 1864, Abraham Lincoln signed the Yosemite Grant Act, setting aside Yosemite Valley and the Mariposa Grove for public protection. The act is considered a precursor to the national park system.\n\nYosemite would become a national park in 1890."
}
},
{
"date": "1905-06-30",
"image": "1905-albert-einstein-annus-mirabilis-paper.webp",
"event": {
"el": "???? 30 ??????? 1905 ? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??? «???? ??? ???????????????? ??? ?????????? ???????», ?????????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????????. ?? 1905 ?? ?????? ?????? ?? *annus mirabilis* ??? ????????.\n\n? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??????.",
"en": "On June 30th, 1905, Albert Einstein published his paper ?On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies,? introducing the theory of special relativity. The year 1905 became known as Einstein?s *annus mirabilis*.\n\nThe theory would forever transform physics."
}
},
{
"date": "1908-06-30",
"image": "1908-tunguska-event.webp",
"event": {
"el": "???? 30 ??????? 1908 ??????????? ? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??? ???????, ?????????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ?????????. ? ?????? ????????? 2.000 km² ??????.\n\n?? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ???????.",
"en": "On June 30th, 1908, the Tunguska explosion occurred in Siberia, likely caused by an airburst of a meteoroid. The blast flattened 2,000 km² of forest.\n\nIt remains the most powerful atmospheric explosion in recorded history."
}
},
{
"date": "1934-06-30",
"image": "1934-night-of-the-long-knives.webp",
"event": {
"el": "???? 30 ??????? 1934 ?????? ? «????? ??? ??????? ?????????», ? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? (SA). ? ?????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???.\n\n? ?????????? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ??????.",
"en": "On June 30th, 1934, the ?Night of the Long Knives? began, Hitler?s purge of the SA leadership. The operation consolidated his absolute power.\n\nThe purge is one of the darkest episodes of the Nazi rise."
}
},
{
"date": "1960-06-30",
"image": "1960-congo-independence.webp",
"event": {
"el": "???? 30 ??????? 1960 ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??? ??? ?? ??????. ? ?????? ????????? ??????? ? ?????? ???????????? ??? ?????.\n\n? ??????????? ?? ??????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????????.",
"en": "On June 30th, 1960, the Congo gained independence from Belgium. Patrice Lumumba became the nation?s first prime minister.\n\nIndependence was followed by political instability and international intervention."
}
},
{
"date": "1971-06-30",
"image": "1971-soyuz-11-disaster.webp",
"event": {
"el": "???? 30 ??????? 1971 ?? ??????? ??? ????????? Soyuz 11 ???????? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ???????????? ??? ????????. ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????????.\n\n?? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ???????????.",
"en": "On June 30th, 1971, the crew of Soyuz 11 died during re?entry due to cabin depressurization. They remain the only humans to have died in space.\n\nThe disaster led to major safety reforms in Soviet spaceflight."
}
},
{
"date": "1997-06-30",
"image": "1997-hong-kong-handover-preparations.webp",
"event": {
"el": "???? 30 ??????? 1997 ???????????????? ? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ????, ????????????? 156 ?????? ?????????? ??????????.\n\n? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??????????? ?? ?????????, ??? 1? ???????.",
"en": "On June 30th, 1997, the handover ceremony of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to China took place, ending 156 years of British rule.\n\nThe formal transfer was completed at midnight on July 1st."
}
}
]
}
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