{
"05-15": [
{
"date": "1252-05-15",
"image": "1252-ad-extirpanda-issued.webp",
"event": {
"el": "???? 15 ????? 1252 ? ????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? *Ad extirpanda*, ? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ????????????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ????????????? ????????????. ? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????????????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ????????? ?????? ????????.\n\n? ????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ????????, ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???????????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ??????.",
"en": "On May 15th, 1252, Pope Innocent IV issued the bull *Ad extirpanda*, authorizing the use of torture by the Inquisition under specific conditions. The decree strengthened the institutional power of ecclesiastical courts and deeply influenced the methods used to prosecute heresy.\n\nThe bull has been widely criticized by historians, as it marked a turning point in the formalization of violence as a tool of religious authority in medieval Europe."
}
},
{
"date": "1536-05-15",
"image": "1536-anne-boleyn-trial.webp",
"event": {
"el": "???? 15 ????? 1536 ? ???? ???????, ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??, ????????? ??? ????????, ??????? ??? ?????????. ? ????, ? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ????????, ????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ?? ??????????????? ??????????.\n\n? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???????.",
"en": "On May 15th, 1536, Anne Boleyn, the second wife of Henry VIII, was tried for treason, adultery, and incest. The trial, held in the Tower of London, is now widely regarded as politically motivated and based on questionable accusations.\n\nHer conviction led to her execution days later, clearing the way for the king?s marriage to Jane Seymour."
}
},
{
"date": "1602-05-15",
"image": "1602-english-east-india-company-first-voyage.webp",
"event": {
"el": "???? 15 ????? 1602 ? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????, ?????????????? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ????????? ?????????. ? ????? ???? ???????????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ???? ????.\n\n? ???????? ?? ????????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???????????? ???????????? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ????????.",
"en": "On May 15th, 1602, the first fleet of the English East India Company arrived in the Indies, marking the beginning of a new era of commercial and political expansion. This arrival signaled the start of Britain?s long-term presence in Asia.\n\nThe company would later become one of the most powerful economic and political entities in world history."
}
},
{
"date": "1618-05-15",
"image": "1618-kepler-harmonices-mundi.webp",
"event": {
"el": "???? 15 ????? 1618 ? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???? *Harmonices Mundi*, ??? ????? ??????????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????????? ???????.",
"en": "On May 15th, 1618, Johannes Kepler published *Harmonices Mundi*, introducing his third law of planetary motion."
}
},
{
"date": "1756-05-15",
"image": "1756-seven-years-war-begins.webp",
"event": {
"el": "???? 15 ????? 1756 ????? ??????? ? ???????? ???????, ???? ? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????. ? ?????????, ??? ?????????? ?? ??????, ???????, ?????? ??? ????, ????????? ??? ??????? ?? ? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????.\n\n?? ????????? ??? ?????????????? ??? ????????? ?????, ??????????? ??? ????? ??? ?????????? ?????????????.",
"en": "On May 15th, 1756, the Seven Years? War officially began when Britain declared war on France. The conflict, which spread across Europe, America, Africa, and Asia, is often considered the first truly global war.\n\nIts consequences reshaped the world map and accelerated the rise of the British Empire."
}
},
{
"date": "1793-05-15",
"image": "1793-french-revolution-slavery-abolished-colonies.webp",
"event": {
"el": "???? 15 ????? 1793 ? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ????????, ??? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ????????.",
"en": "On May 15th, 1793, the French National Convention granted full political rights to free Black citizens in the colonies, a major step against slavery."
}
},
{
"date": "1800-05-15",
"image": "1800-kingdom-of-tuscany-abolished.webp",
"event": {
"el": "???? 15 ????? 1800 ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ??? ????????????? ??? ??????? ???????????? ??? ??????????. ? ?????? ???? ????????? ????? ??? ????????? ????????????? ??? ??????? ? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????.\n\n? ??????? ?? ????????? ???????? ??? ????????? ???, ???? ? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ??? ?????????? ??? ????????? ??? ????.",
"en": "On May 15th, 1800, the Grand Duchy of Tuscany was temporarily abolished and incorporated into Napoleon?s French Empire. This shift was part of the broader territorial reorganization brought about by French expansion in Italy.\n\nTuscany would later regain its autonomy, but the period left a lasting impact on its administrative and social structures."
}
},
{
"date": "1858-05-15",
"image": "1858-john-brown-chatham-convention.webp",
"event": {
"el": "???? 15 ????? 1858 ? ???? ??????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????????. ? ????????? ???? ????????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? 1859.\n\n?????? ? ???????? ???????, ?? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ??????????? ???????.",
"en": "On May 15th, 1858, John Brown presented his plan for a slave uprising in the United States at a convention in Chatham, Canada. The meeting laid the ideological groundwork for the raid on Harpers Ferry in 1859.\n\nAlthough the uprising failed, Brown?s actions intensified the tensions that eventually led to the American Civil War."
}
},
{
"date": "1905-05-15",
"image": "1905-las-vegas-founded.webp",
"event": {
"el": "???? 15 ????? 1905 ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????, ???? ?????????????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ????????????? ??????.",
"en": "On May 15th, 1905, Las Vegas was officially founded when the first plots of land were auctioned near the railroad station."
}
},
{
"date": "1918-05-15",
"image": "1918-us-airmail-service-begins.webp",
"event": {
"el": "???? 15 ????? 1918 ???????????????? ? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ???? ???????? ?????????, ?????? ??????????? ??? ???? ??????. ? ????? ????????? ????????? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ????????? ??????????.\n\n? ???????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????????????.",
"en": "On May 15th, 1918, the first regular airmail service in the United States was launched, connecting Washington, D.C., and New York City. The flight marked an important step in the development of civil aviation.\n\nIts success paved the way for the creation of a nationwide air transport network."
}
},
{
"date": "1940-05-15",
"image": "1940-mcdonald-brothers-first-restaurant.webp",
"event": {
"el": "???? 15 ????? 1940 ?? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?????????? ??? ??? ???????????? ??? ??????????. ?? ????????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ????????.\n\n?? ??????? «Speedee Service» ????????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????????? ????????? ??????? McDonald?s.",
"en": "On May 15th, 1940, the McDonald brothers opened their first restaurant in San Bernardino, California. The establishment introduced a new fast?service model that would revolutionize the food industry.\n\nTheir ?Speedee Service System? became the foundation for what would later become the global McDonald?s chain."
}
},
{
"date": "1948-05-15",
"image": "1948-first-arab-israeli-war.webp",
"event": {
"el": "???? 15 ????? 1948 ????? ? ?????? ??????????????? ???????, ??? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????. ??????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???? ???????, ?????????????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????????.\n\n? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????????????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????????.",
"en": "On May 15th, 1948, the First Arab?Israeli War began, one day after the declaration of the State of Israel. Troops from neighboring Arab countries invaded the region, marking the start of a long and complex conflict.\n\nThe war resulted in major territorial changes and shaped the political landscape of the Middle East for decades."
}
},
{
"date": "1957-05-15",
"image": "1957-britain-tests-hydrogen-bomb.webp",
"event": {
"el": "???? 15 ????? 1957 ?? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ??? ????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????????? ???? ???????? ??????.",
"en": "On May 15th, 1957, the United Kingdom conducted its first successful hydrogen bomb test in the Pacific Ocean."
}
},
{
"date": "1972-05-15",
"image": "1972-george-wallace-assassination-attempt.webp",
"event": {
"el": "???? 15 ????? 1972 ??????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ???????, ? ?????? ????? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????.",
"en": "On May 15th, 1972, an assassination attempt was made on U.S. politician George Wallace, leaving him paralyzed from the waist down."
}
},
{
"date": "1988-05-15",
"image": "1988-soviet-withdrawal-afghanistan.webp",
"event": {
"el": "???? 15 ????? 1988 ?????? ??????? ? ????????? ??? ?????????? ???????????? ??? ?? ??????????, ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???????. ? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ??? ?????????? ??? ??? ????????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ???????????.\n\n? ????????? ???????????? ?? 1989 ??? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ????????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ????????.",
"en": "On May 15th, 1988, the Soviet Union officially began withdrawing its troops from Afghanistan after nine years of war. The decision reflected the stalemate of the conflict and its immense human and economic cost.\n\nThe withdrawal was completed in 1989 and is regarded as one of the defining events of the late Soviet era."
}
},
{
"date": "1991-05-15",
"image": "1991-edith-cresson-france-first-female-pm.webp",
"event": {
"el": "???? 15 ????? 1991 ? ????? ?????? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ???????????? ??? ???????.",
"en": "On May 15th, 1991, Édith Cresson became the first female Prime Minister of France."
}
}
]
}
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