{
"05-12": [
{
"date": "254-05-12",
"image": "254-pope-stephen-i-election.webp",
"event": {
"el": "???? 12 ????? 254 ????????? ????? ? ???????? ??, ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ?????????????? ???? ???? ????????. ? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ?????????? ??? ?? ?????????? ??? ????????? ??? ????????? ??? ??????????, ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????????? ??????????.\n\n? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????????????? ?????????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????????.",
"en": "On May 12th, 254, Stephen I was elected Pope during a period of intense theological and administrative disputes within the Church. His election coincided with debates over the validity of baptisms performed by heretics, an issue that deeply divided Christian communities.\n\nStephen?s papacy left a lasting mark on the development of ecclesiastical discipline and the relationship between Rome and regional bishoprics."
}
},
{
"date": "1364-05-12",
"image": "1364-jagiellonian-university-founded.webp",
"event": {
"el": "???? 12 ????? 1364 ???????? ?? ???????????? ??? ?????????, ?????? ?????? ?? ???????????? ?????????. ? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????? ????????? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ??????.\n\n?? ???????????? ?????????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????????????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???????????, ????????????? ???????, ??????????? ??? ???????? ??? ???????? ??? ??????.",
"en": "On May 12th, 1364, the University of Kraków?today known as Jagiellonian University?was founded by King Casimir III. Its establishment marked a major step in strengthening higher education in Central Europe.\n\nThe university grew into one of the most influential intellectual centers of the Renaissance, attracting scholars, scientists, and students from across the continent."
}
},
{
"date": "1551-05-12",
"image": "1551-national-university-of-san-marcos.webp",
"event": {
"el": "???? 12 ????? 1551 ???????? ?? ???????????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????, ?? ?????????? ???????????? ??? ????????. ? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ????????????? ???? ????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ????????.\n\n?? ??? ?????? ??? ??????, ?? ???????????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???????? ???????.",
"en": "On May 12th, 1551, the National University of San Marcos was founded in Lima, Peru, becoming the oldest university in the Americas. Established by Spanish colonists, it aimed to educate clergy and administrative officials.\n\nOver the centuries, the university developed into a leading center of research and culture in Latin America."
}
},
{
"date": "1780-05-12",
"image": "1780-siege-of-charleston.webp",
"event": {
"el": "???? 12 ????? 1780, ???? ?? ???????? ??? ???????????? ??????? ??? ????????????, ? ???? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ?????????. ? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ??????????? ????? ??? ???????????.\n\n? ??????? ??? ?????????? ????? ????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????, ???? ? ????????? ??? ?????????? ????????????? ???????, ????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ??????????.",
"en": "On May 12th, 1780, during the American Revolutionary War, the city of Charleston surrendered to British forces after a prolonged siege. The fall of the city was one of the greatest defeats suffered by the revolutionaries.\n\nAlthough the British gained temporary control of the South, American resistance soon reorganized, eventually reversing the situation."
}
},
{
"date": "1820-05-12",
"image": "1820-florence-nightingale-birth.webp",
"event": {
"el": "???? 12 ????? 1820 ????????? ? ??????? ???????????, ? ??????? ??? ????????? ? ???????? ??? ????????? ????????????. ? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??????????? ????????? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????.\n\n? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ???????, ?? ?? 12? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????????.",
"en": "On May 12th, 1820, Florence Nightingale was born, the woman widely regarded as the founder of modern nursing. Her work during the Crimean War and her insistence on using statistical data to improve healthcare transformed medical practice.\n\nNightingale?s legacy endures, and May 12th is celebrated worldwide as International Nurses Day."
}
},
{
"date": "1846-05-12",
"image": "1846-mexican-american-war.webp",
"event": {
"el": "???? 12 ????? 1846 ?????? ??????? ? ???????????????????? ???????, ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????. ? ????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ????.\n\n? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ???????, ?? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???? ? ??????????, ? ?????? ??? ? ??????.",
"en": "On May 12th, 1846, the Mexican?American War officially began after the U.S. Congress declared war on Mexico. The conflict stemmed from territorial disputes and the American desire for westward expansion.\n\nThe war resulted in major territorial changes, with the United States acquiring vast regions that now include California, Nevada, and Utah."
}
},
{
"date": "1926-05-12",
"image": "1926-airship-norge-arrival-alaska.webp",
"event": {
"el": "???? 12 ????? 1926 ?? ????????? Norge ??????????? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????????????? ???? ??????. ? ????????, ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ???????? ???????, ????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????????.\n\n? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??? ???????????.",
"en": "On May 12th, 1926, the airship Norge completed its historic flight over the North Pole and landed in Alaska. Led by Roald Amundsen and Umberto Nobile, the mission became a milestone in polar exploration.\n\nThe success of the flight demonstrated the potential of airships for long?distance expeditions and increased global interest in aeronautics."
}
},
{
"date": "1937-05-12",
"image": "1937-coronation-george-vi.webp",
"event": {
"el": "???? 12 ????? 1937 ???????????????? ? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????????, ???? ??? ????????? ??? ??????? ???, ????????? ??. ? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????.\n\n? ???????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ?? ????????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ??????.",
"en": "On May 12th, 1937, King George VI of the United Kingdom was crowned following the abdication of his brother, Edward VIII. The ceremony took place during a period of political change and rising international tensions.\n\nGeorge VI?s reign would later become closely associated with British resilience during World War II."
}
},
{
"date": "1949-05-12",
"image": "1949-berlin-blockade-end.webp",
"event": {
"el": "???? 12 ????? 1949 ????? ? ??????????? ??? ?????????, ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????. ??? ?????? ???? ?????, ?? ??????? ????????????? ??? ???? ???????????? ???? ???????????.\n\n? ???? ??? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????.",
"en": "On May 12th, 1949, the Berlin Blockade ended, marking one of the first major crises of the Cold War. For nearly a year, the Western Allies supplied the city exclusively through an airlift.\n\nThe lifting of the blockade was seen as a major victory for the Western powers and strengthened their position in Europe."
}
},
{
"date": "1955-05-12",
"image": "1955-warsaw-pact-signed.webp",
"event": {
"el": "???? 12 ????? 1955 ??????????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????????, ? ??????????? ???????? ??? ????????????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??????.",
"en": "On May 12th, 1955, the Warsaw Pact was signed, forming a military alliance of socialist states led by the Soviet Union."
}
},
{
"date": "1997-05-12",
"image": "1997-russia-joins-g7-g8.webp",
"event": {
"el": "???? 12 ????? 1997 ? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? 7, ? ????? ????????????? ?? G8.",
"en": "On May 12th, 1997, Russia formally joined the Group of Seven, which became the G8."
}
},
{
"date": "2008-05-12",
"image": "2008-sichuan-earthquake.webp",
"event": {
"el": "???? 12 ????? 2008 ??????? ??????? ???????? 7,9 ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????. ? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????, ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ????.\n\n? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????????? ?????????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????????.",
"en": "On May 12th, 2008, a powerful 7.9?magnitude earthquake struck China?s Sichuan province. The disaster caused tens of thousands of deaths and massive destruction, leaving a deep national trauma.\n\nThe earthquake highlighted the need for improved seismic safety and led to major reforms in China?s emergency management policies."
}
}
]
}
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