{
"04-19": [
{
"date": "1529-04-19",
"image": "1529-protest-speyer.webp",
"event": {
"el": "???? 19 ???????? 1529, ???????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? «??????????? ??? ??????», ??????????? ???? ?????????? ??? ?????????????. ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????????? ? ???? «????????????».\n\n? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ??? ??? ??????????????.",
"en": "On April 19th, 1529, German princes and cities issued the ?Protest of Speyer,? opposing the ban on the Reformation. The term ?Protestants? originates from this act.\n\nThe protest was a defining moment for Protestantism."
}
},
{
"date": "1770-04-19",
"image": "1770-cook-map-of-australia.webp",
"event": {
"el": "??? 19? ???????? 1770, ???? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ???????? ??????, ? ???????? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ????? HMS Endeavour ??????? ? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ??????????. ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? Point Hicks (??? ?????????????? ????), ??? ????? ? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????????? ??? ??? ?????????.\n\n? ???? ???????? ??????, ?????????????? ?????????? ??? ??????????, ????????? ??? ?? Botany Bay (???? ???????????? ????? ?????? ????????) ??? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ????. ? ???????? ???, ?????? ??????????? ??? ??? ?????????? ??? ????????? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ?????, ?????????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????????????? ????????????? ????????? ??? ??????. ?? 1770 ? ???? ?????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ?? ????????, ??????????? ??? New South Wales.\n\n? ???????????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????????? ????????????? ???? ?????????, ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ??? Sydney ?? 1788. ??????????, ? ????? ?? ???? ?????????? ????? ???? ?????????????? ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ??? ???? ????????? ??????????.",
"en": "On April 19, 1770, during his first voyage to the Pacific Ocean, British explorer and Captain James Cook aboard the HMS Endeavour became the first European to systematically map the eastern coastline of Australia. That morning, the crew sighted land near what is now Point Hicks on the southeastern coast, which Cook named after the officer who first spotted it.\n\nCook continued northward, meticulously charting the coastline, passing through Botany Bay (where he landed a few days later) and reaching the northern tip. His expedition, originally intended to observe the transit of Venus from Tahiti, turned into one of the most significant exploratory voyages of the era. In 1770, Cook formally claimed the eastern coast for Britain, naming it New South Wales.\n\nThis mapping paved the way for European colonization of Australia, with the establishment of the first penal colony in Sydney in 1788. At the same time, contact with Indigenous peoples had long-term and often tragic consequences for the native populations."
}
},
{
"date": "1775-04-19",
"image": "1775-lexington-concord-battles.webp",
"event": {
"el": "???? 19 ???????? 1775 ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?????????? ??? ??? ????????, ?? ?????? ???????????? ??????????? ??? ???????????? ???????????. ? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? «? ???? ??? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ?????».\n\n?? ??????????? ????????????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????????????.",
"en": "On April 19th, 1775, the Battles of Lexington and Concord erupted, marking the first military engagements of the American Revolution. The day became known as ?the shot heard round the world.?\n\nThese clashes signaled the beginning of the War of Independence."
}
},
{
"date": "1824-04-19",
"image": "1824-lord-byron-death.webp",
"event": {
"el": "???? 19 ???????? 1824 ???????? ??? ????????? ? ?????? ?????, ???? ??? ???? ??????????????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????. ? ??????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ??????????? ??????.\n\n? ????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ???????????.",
"en": "On April 19th, 1824, Lord Byron died in Missolonghi, Greece. A major philhellene and poet, his death shocked Europe and strengthened support for the Greek War of Independence.\n\nByron remains a symbol of the Greek struggle for freedom."
}
},
{
"date": "1861-04-19",
"image": "1861-baltimore-riots.webp",
"event": {
"el": "???? 19 ???????? 1861 ???????????? ??????? ??? ?????????, ???? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ????. ???? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ????????? ??? ???????????? ????????.\n\n?? ??????? ?????? ???? ????????? ???? ? ????.",
"en": "On April 19th, 1861, riots broke out in Baltimore as crowds attacked Union troops passing through the city. It was one of the first deadly incidents of the American Civil War.\n\nThe event highlighted the deep divisions within the nation."
}
},
{
"date": "1897-04-19",
"image": "1897-first-boston-marathon.webp",
"event": {
"el": "???? 19 ???????? 1897 ?????????? ? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????????, ? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?????. ??????????? 15 ???????.\n\n? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ????????? ???????? ?????.",
"en": "On April 19th, 1897, the first Boston Marathon was held, becoming the world?s oldest annual marathon. Fifteen runners took part.\n\nThe race would grow into a global athletic tradition."
}
},
{
"date": "1943-04-19",
"image": "1943-warsaw-ghetto-uprising.webp",
"event": {
"el": "???? 19 ???????? 1943 ?????? ? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ?????????, ? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ????. ?? ??????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ???? ????.\n\n? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????????.",
"en": "On April 19th, 1943, the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising began, the largest Jewish revolt against the Nazis. Fighters resisted for nearly a month.\n\nThe uprising stands as a symbol of courage and defiance."
}
},
{
"date": "1956-04-19",
"image": "1956-grace-kelly-wedding.webp",
"event": {
"el": "???? 19 ???????? 1956, ? ?????? ???? ??????????? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ??????, ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ?????? ??? 20?? ?????. ? ??????????? ???????? ????? ???????????.\n\n? ????? ??????????????? ??? ??????????? ?????????.",
"en": "On April 19th, 1956, Grace Kelly married Prince Rainier III of Monaco in one of the most glamorous weddings of the 20th century. The American actress became a princess.\n\nMillions watched the ceremony worldwide."
}
},
{
"date": "1961-04-19",
"image": "1961-bay-of-pigs.webp",
"event": {
"el": "??? 19? ???????? 1961, ? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? (Bay of Pigs) ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ????????. ??????? 1.400 ???????? ?????????, ????????????? ??? ???????????? ??? ??? ???, ??????????? ?? ???????????? ??? ?? ?????????? ?? ???????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????, ???? ? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ????????.\n\n? ???????? John F. Kennedy, ??? ???? ???????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ??? ????? Eisenhower, ???????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ???. ?? ????????? ?????????, ?? ???? ??? 100 ??????? ??? ??????? 1.200 ???????????, ?? ?????? ???????? ??????????????? ???? ??? ????????????????.\n\n? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ??????, ? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ?? ????????? ?????. ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ??? ??? ???, ?????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???-?????? ??? ???????? ???? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????, ????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ????????.",
"en": "On April 19, 1961, the Bay of Pigs invasion in Cuba reached its critical point and ended in complete failure. Approximately 1,400 Cuban exiles, trained and equipped by the United States, attempted to land and overthrow Fidel Castro?s revolutionary regime, but the operation collapsed within three days due to lack of air support and strong resistance from Cuban forces.\n\nPresident John F. Kennedy, who had inherited and approved the plan from the Eisenhower era, refused to provide further American military assistance to avoid direct U.S. involvement. The invaders were defeated, with over 100 killed and about 1,200 captured, who were later released after negotiations.\n\nThe failure greatly strengthened Castro?s position, leading him to openly declare Cuba?s turn toward socialism and closer alignment with the Soviet Union. It was a major diplomatic setback for the United States, dramatically worsened U.S.?Cuban relations, and contributed to the escalation of the Cold War, paving the way for the Cuban Missile Crisis a few months later."
}
},
{
"date": "1971-04-19",
"image": "1971-salyut-1-launched.webp",
"event": {
"el": "???? 19 ???????? 1971 ??????????? ? ??????? 1, ? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ???????. ? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ??? ????????.\n\n? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????????.",
"en": "On April 19th, 1971, Salyut 1 was launched, becoming the world?s first space station. The Soviet Union pioneered long?duration space habitation.\n\nThe station paved the way for future orbital laboratories."
}
},
{
"date": "1975-04-19",
"image": "1975-indian-army-flag.webp",
"event": {
"el": "??? 19? ???????? 1975, ? ????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??? Aryabhata, ??? ????? ??? ??????? ????????, ??? ?? ????????? ??????????? Kapustin Yar. ? ?????????, ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??? ????????? Aryabhata (5?? ?????? ?.?.), ??????????? ??? ?????????????? ?? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ??? ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) ??? ?????? ??????? 360 ????.\n\n? Aryabhata ???? ????? ?? ??????????????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ? ?????????? ??????? ?, ? ????????? ??? ? ?????? ??? ?????. ?????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ???? ?????? ????????, ? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????????, ????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?????.\n\n? ????????? ??? Aryabhata ???????????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????????? ????????? ??? ??????, ???? ?? ????????? Chandrayaan ??? ?????? ??? ?? Mangalyaan ???? ???. ? ???? ????? ???? ? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ??????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????.",
"en": "On April 19, 1975, India successfully launched Aryabhata, its first artificial satellite, from the Soviet cosmodrome at Kapustin Yar. The satellite, named after the ancient Indian mathematician and astronomer Aryabhata (5th century CE), was designed and built entirely by Indian scientists of ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) and weighed approximately 360 kg.\n\nAryabhata was intended to conduct experiments in X-ray astronomy, aeronomy, and solar physics. Although it operated fully for only about five days due to a power supply failure, the mission was considered a major success as it demonstrated India?s capabilities in the space sector.\n\nThe launch of Aryabhata marked the beginning of India?s space program and paved the way for the country?s subsequent achievements, such as the Chandrayaan lunar missions and Mangalyaan to Mars. India thus became the seventh nation in the world to place a satellite into orbit using its own technological means."
}
},
{
"date": "1987-04-19",
"image": "1987-the-simpsons-yellow-logo.webp",
"event": {
"el": "??? 19? ???????? 1987, ? ?????????? Simpson ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? animated ????? ?? ????? «Good Night», ??? ?????????? ??? ??????????? variety show The Tracey Ullman Show ??? Fox Network. ?????????? ??? ?????????? ???? ? Matt Groening, ? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??????????? ??? ????????????.\n\n?? ????? ???? ????? ?????????? ??? Homer, ?? Marge, ??? Bart, ?? Lisa ??? ?? Maggie ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????, ?? ????????????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ???????? ??????????? ?? ?????. ??????????? ???? 47 ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ??????, ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??????.\n\n??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ????????????? ??? ??? ???????????? animated ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????????. ?? 1989 ???????? ? ?????? ????? The Simpsons, ? ????? ????????? ?? ??????????? ????? ??????, ???????????? ??? ??????????? ????????, ??? ???????? ??? ??? ???????????? ??? ?? ???????? ?????.",
"en": "On April 19, 1987, the Simpson family made its first television appearance in the world through a short animated sketch titled ?Good Night,? aired on the American variety show The Tracey Ullman Show on the Fox Network. The characters were created by Matt Groening, who initially drew simple sketches to fill the show?s interstitial segments.\n\nThis first short depicted Homer, Marge, Bart, Lisa, and Maggie in a bedtime scene with the humorous and somewhat dark tone that would later define the series. It was followed by 47 more short episodes over the next two years, which quickly gained audience popularity.\n\nFrom these brief sketches emerged one of the longest-running and most successful animated series in television history. In 1989, the full series The Simpsons premiered and continues to air to this day, satirizing American society, politics, and family life in a unique way."
}
},
{
"date": "1993-04-19",
"image": "1993-waco-siege-ends.webp",
"event": {
"el": "???? 19 ???????? 1993 ????? ? ????????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????, ???? ????? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ??? Branch Davidians. ???? ??? 70 ???????? ??????????.\n\n?? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????????????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ??? ???.",
"en": "On April 19th, 1993, the Waco siege ended when a fire consumed the Branch Davidian compound in Texas. More than 70 people were killed.\n\nThe event remains one of the most controversial operations in U.S. history."
}
},
{
"date": "1995-04-19",
"image": "1995-oklahoma-city-bombing.webp",
"event": {
"el": "? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ??????????? ??? ???????? ?????????.\n\n? ?????? ??? ?????? Alfred P. Murrah ???????? ??? ?????? 168 ???????? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??????????? ????????????? ????????? ??? ??????????? ??????.",
"en": "The Oklahoma City bombing shocks the United States.\n\nThe explosion at the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building kills 168 people and becomes one of the deadliest terrorist attacks on U.S. soil."
}
}
]
}
|
Download
